Arduino

What is Arduino?

The Arduino is simply an electronic input / output board. Is a combination of software and hardware. An open source system with easy access to people with or without experience with electronic tools.
The Arduino cards are equipped with an Atmel AVR microcontroller (such as ATmega328, ATmega2560, ATmega32u4) and side elements for connection to programming and other circuits. Each Arduino board has at least one 5 volt regulating integrated and a 16MHz crystal oscillator (some with ceramic resonator). Arduino cards do not need an external programmer for programming, because the microcontroller on the card is pre-written with a bootloader program.

Genuino is a sister brand of Arduino. It was founded by co-founders of Arduino, Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, and David Mellis. It is a brand used for Arduino products sold outside the United States. Genuino Uno, Genuino 101, Genuino Mega 2560, Genuino Zero and Genuino Micro cards. The only difference between these cards and the Arduino versions is the difference in brand name. The components and features of the cards are the same as the Arduino version of each.

What are Arduino Components?
It consists of an Arduino development environment (IDE), Arduino bootloader (Optiboot), Arduino libraries, AVRDude (software that programs microcontroller on Arduino) and compiler (AVR-GCC).

Arduino software consists of a development environment (IDE) and libraries. The IDE is written in Java and is based on the environment of Processing. The libraries are written in C and C ++, and AVR-GCC and AVR Libc. Compiled with. Arduino source codes are available here.

The Optiboot component is the bootloader component of Arduino. This is the component that enables the programming of the microcontroller on Arduino cards.

The most important component that makes Arduino so popular is the Arduino libraries, which enable everyone to program without having to have detailed knowledge of the microcontroller. A list of Arduino libraries is available here. Arduino libraries come with the development environment and are located under the "libraries" folder. By examining the code, you can see how the microcontrollers are programmed and the structure of the libraries.


Finally, the AVRDude component is used to program compiled code.

What can I do with Arduino?
Using Arduino, you can quickly create an idea and put it into practice as a working concept. 
You can easily program with Arduino libraries. You can process analog and digital signals. Using signals from sensors, you can design robots and systems that interact with the environment. You can create reactions such as movement, sound and light to the outside world in accordance with the project you design.


Arduino has various cards and modules designed to produce solutions for different needs. You can develop your projects using these cards and modules.

How to Use Arduino?
Despite all these advantageous features, Arduino is not a tool that you can do all your projects quickly with zero electronic and software knowledge. You should learn electronics and software together with Arduino to avoid getting clogged after a certain location using ready-made libraries and examples.

You cannot use 100% performance of Atmega microcontrollers on Arduino cards as a benefit of Arduino cards.


Before you start working with the Arduino, it is useful to learn the basics of Arduino. Then select the appropriate Arduino card (Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega 250, Arduino Leonardo ... etc) and get one. All Arduino cards can be programmed in the same way, but different cards have different features and functions. For example, 2 frequently preferred Arduino cards include Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega.

After you select the Arduino card that suits you, you need a computer, USB cable, various resistors, leds, buttons, breadboard, connection and jumper cables, various sensors, LCDs.

You can then download the Arduino software for programming here. You can find information about programming here.


You can download and use Firtzing program for free to draw the circuits you will prepare for your Arduino projects. The following illustration shows some of the components in Fritzing. Fritzing program is for you to draw your projects. There is no simulation feature yet.

After these basic steps, what you do with Arduino depends on your design and application skills and your work. By examining the application examples, you can design your own projects step by step, starting with the simplest.